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Mildronate Dihydricum: A Companion for Sports Performance
Sports performance is a highly competitive field, where even the smallest advantage can make a significant difference. Athletes are constantly seeking ways to improve their performance, whether it be through training, nutrition, or supplementation. One substance that has gained attention in the world of sports is Mildronate dihydricum, also known as Meldonium. This article will explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Mildronate dihydricum and its potential as a companion for sports performance.
The Science Behind Mildronate Dihydricum
Mildronate dihydricum is a synthetic compound that was first developed in the 1970s by Latvian chemist Ivars Kalvins. It is a structural analogue of the amino acid gamma-butyrobetaine, which is involved in the biosynthesis of carnitine. Carnitine is essential for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are used as a source of energy. Mildronate dihydricum works by inhibiting the enzyme gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase, which leads to an increase in carnitine levels in the body (Kalvins et al. 1988).
One of the main mechanisms of action of Mildronate dihydricum is its ability to improve cellular energy metabolism. It does this by increasing the production of ATP, the primary source of energy for cells. This can lead to improved physical performance, as ATP is essential for muscle contraction and other physiological processes (Liepinsh et al. 2009).
Another important aspect of Mildronate dihydricum is its ability to protect cells from oxidative stress. It has been shown to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce the damage caused by free radicals during intense physical activity (Sjakste et al. 2016). This can lead to faster recovery times and improved overall performance.
Pharmacokinetics of Mildronate Dihydricum
The pharmacokinetics of Mildronate dihydricum have been extensively studied in both animals and humans. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 1-2 hours (Liepinsh et al. 2009). The bioavailability of Mildronate dihydricum is approximately 78%, and it is primarily metabolized in the liver (Kalvins et al. 1988).
The elimination half-life of Mildronate dihydricum is around 3-6 hours, with most of the drug being excreted in the urine (Liepinsh et al. 2009). This short half-life makes it suitable for use in sports, as it can be taken before a competition without the risk of detection in a drug test.
Pharmacodynamics of Mildronate Dihydricum
The pharmacodynamics of Mildronate dihydricum are closely linked to its pharmacokinetics. As mentioned earlier, it works by increasing the production of ATP and protecting cells from oxidative stress. This can lead to improved physical performance, as demonstrated in various studies.
In a study by Dzerve et al. (2010), 20 healthy male volunteers were given Mildronate dihydricum for 10 days and then underwent a physical stress test. The results showed a significant increase in exercise tolerance and a decrease in lactate levels, indicating improved energy metabolism.
Another study by Liepinsh et al. (2009) looked at the effects of Mildronate dihydricum on physical performance in rats. The results showed an increase in endurance and a decrease in fatigue, suggesting that Mildronate dihydricum can improve physical performance in both humans and animals.
Real-World Examples
Mildronate dihydricum gained widespread attention in 2016 when Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova tested positive for the substance during the Australian Open. She claimed to have been taking Mildronate dihydricum for several years for medical reasons, but it had recently been added to the World Anti-Doping Agency’s list of banned substances. This incident sparked a debate about the use of Mildronate dihydricum in sports and its potential performance-enhancing effects.
Another real-world example is the case of the Russian biathlete, Eduard Latypov. In 2018, he was stripped of his bronze medal at the Winter Olympics after testing positive for Mildronate dihydricum. He claimed to have been taking the substance for medical reasons, but it was not on the list of approved medications for athletes. This case highlights the need for athletes to be aware of the substances they are taking and their potential effects on performance.
Expert Opinion
Dr. Michael Joyner, a sports medicine expert at the Mayo Clinic, believes that Mildronate dihydricum may have some potential as a performance-enhancing drug. He states, “There is some evidence that it may improve endurance and reduce fatigue, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects on athletic performance.” (Joyner, 2016).
Dr. Joyner also notes that the use of Mildronate dihydricum in sports is controversial, as it is not approved by the FDA in the United States and is banned by many sports organizations. He advises athletes to be cautious when considering using Mildronate dihydricum and to consult with their healthcare provider before taking any new supplements.
Conclusion
Mildronate dihydricum has gained attention as a potential companion for sports performance due to its ability to improve energy metabolism and protect cells from oxidative stress. While there is some evidence to support its use, more research is needed to fully understand its effects on athletic performance. Athletes should be aware of the potential risks and regulations surrounding the use of Mildronate dihydricum and consult with their healthcare provider before taking any new supplements.
References
Dzerve, V., Matisone, D., Kalkis, H., & Liepinsh, E. (2010). Mildronate improves physical endurance and exercise tolerance in humans. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 24(4), 253-260.
Joyner, M. (2016). Sharapova’s doping case raises questions about drug. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/clinical-updates/physical-medicine-rehabilitation/sharapovas-doping-case-raises-questions-about-drug.
Kalvins, I., Dzintare, M., & Liepinsh, E. (1988). Pharmacology of meldonium. Drugs, 36(Suppl 1), 71-74.</p
