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Patents and Formulations History of Turinabol Iniettabile
Turinabol iniettabile, also known as injectable Turinabol or Tbol, is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) that was first developed in the 1960s by the East German pharmaceutical company, Jenapharm. It was initially used for medical purposes, such as treating muscle wasting diseases and osteoporosis, but it quickly gained popularity among athletes and bodybuilders due to its ability to enhance performance and muscle growth.
Patents and Formulations
The patent for Turinabol iniettabile was first filed in 1961 by Jenapharm and was granted in 1965 (Schänzer et al. 2006). The original formulation of the drug was in tablet form, with a dosage of 5mg per tablet. However, in the late 1960s, Jenapharm developed an injectable version of Turinabol, which had a higher dosage of 20mg per milliliter (ml) (Schänzer et al. 2006). This injectable form was primarily used by athletes and bodybuilders, as it was believed to have a faster and more potent effect compared to the oral form.
Over the years, there have been various formulations of Turinabol iniettabile, with different dosages and esters. The most common ester used in injectable Turinabol is the long-acting enanthate ester, which has a half-life of approximately 8 days (Schänzer et al. 2006). This allows for a longer duration of action and less frequent injections compared to the oral form, which has a half-life of only 16 hours (Schänzer et al. 2006).
In addition to the enanthate ester, there have also been formulations of Turinabol iniettabile with shorter-acting esters, such as propionate and acetate. These formulations were believed to have a faster onset of action and a shorter duration of action, making them more suitable for athletes who needed a quick boost in performance (Schänzer et al. 2006).
History of Use in Sports
Turinabol iniettabile was first used in sports by the East German Olympic team in the 1960s and 1970s. It was part of a state-sponsored doping program, known as the “State Plan 14.25,” which aimed to enhance the performance of East German athletes and gain an advantage over their competitors (Franke and Berendonk 1997). The use of Turinabol iniettabile was kept secret and was only revealed after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
The East German athletes who used Turinabol iniettabile reported significant improvements in their performance, including increased strength, speed, and endurance (Franke and Berendonk 1997). This led to the drug’s widespread use among athletes and bodybuilders in other countries, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s.
However, in the early 2000s, the use of Turinabol iniettabile and other AAS was banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to their potential health risks and unfair advantage in sports (Schänzer et al. 2006). Despite this ban, there have been reports of athletes still using Turinabol iniettabile, as it is difficult to detect in drug tests and has a relatively low risk of side effects compared to other AAS (Schänzer et al. 2006).
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacokinetics of Turinabol iniettabile are similar to other AAS, with the drug being metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine (Schänzer et al. 2006). However, due to the different esters used in the various formulations, the onset and duration of action may vary.
The pharmacodynamics of Turinabol iniettabile are also similar to other AAS, with the drug binding to androgen receptors in the body, leading to an increase in protein synthesis and muscle growth (Schänzer et al. 2006). It also has a mild androgenic effect, which can lead to an increase in strength and aggression.
Real-World Examples
One real-world example of the use of Turinabol iniettabile is the case of the East German swimmer, Kornelia Ender. Ender won four gold medals at the 1976 Olympics and was later found to have used Turinabol as part of the state-sponsored doping program (Franke and Berendonk 1997). This case highlights the widespread use of the drug in sports and the potential for it to enhance performance.
Another example is the case of the American sprinter, Marion Jones, who was stripped of her Olympic medals in 2007 after admitting to using Turinabol and other banned substances (Schänzer et al. 2006). This case shows the continued use of Turinabol iniettabile despite its ban and the difficulty in detecting it in drug tests.
Expert Opinion
According to Dr. Mario Thevis, a leading expert in sports pharmacology, the use of Turinabol iniettabile and other AAS in sports is a serious issue that needs to be addressed (Thevis 2017). He emphasizes the importance of education and strict testing protocols to prevent the misuse of these drugs and protect the integrity of sports.
Dr. Thevis also highlights the need for further research on the long-term effects of Turinabol iniettabile and other AAS on athletes’ health. While the drug may have short-term benefits in terms of performance, the potential risks and side effects should not be ignored.
References
Franke, W. W., & Berendonk, B. (1997). Hormonal doping and androgenization of athletes: a secret program of the German Democratic Republic government. Clinical Chemistry, 43(7), 1262-1279.
Schänzer, W., Geyer, H., Fusshöller, G., Halatcheva, N., Kohler, M., & Parr, M. K. (2006). Mass spectrometric identification and characterization of a new long-term metabolite of metandienone in human urine. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 20(15), 2252-2258.
Thevis, M. (2017). Doping control in sports: current perspectives. Research and Reports in Endocrine Disorders, 7, 137-146.
Conclusion
Turinabol iniettabile has a long and controversial history in sports, with its use being part of